Setting up Vyatta for IPv6 SLAAC

Here's how the configuration should look like 

vyos@vyos# show interfaces ethernet eth1

 hw-id 00:50:56:a9:de:62

 ipv6 {

     address {

         eui64 2002:cafe:cafe:cafe::/64

     }

 }

vyos@vyos# show service router-advert 

 interface eth1 {

     prefix 2002:cafe:cafe:cafe::/64 {

     }

     route 2002:cafe:cafe:cafe::/64 {

     }

 }

Ensure your network doesnt have security policy which blocks RA and ND.

Getting Peak Value and Closing for a Stock

This is helpful while filing IT returns.

from datetime import datetime
import yfinance as yf

for year in range(2016, 2022):
    start_date = datetime(year, 1, 1)
    end_date = datetime(year, 12, 31)
    data = yf.download('<Stock Ticker>', start=start_date, end=end_date)

    print('Year %s, Peak %s, Close %s' % (year, max(data.High), data.Close[-1]))

      

Getting the closing on a particular date

from datetime import datetime
import yfinance as yf

dates = ["2016-03-01",
"2016-06-01",
"2018-02-28",
"2018-08-31",
"2019-02-28",
"2017-07-31",
"2017-01-31",
"2017-01-31",
"2018-02-28",
"2016-07-31",
"2016-01-31",]
      
# Obtain all the data for X years.
start_date = datetime(2015, 1, 1)
end_date = datetime(2022, 11, 1)
# In the example below we're getting values for USD/INR
data = yf.download('INR=X', start=start_date, end=end_date)
# Reset Index so that Date can be queried.
df = data.reset_index()
for d in df.values:
    if str(d[0].date()) in dates:

        print(d[0], d[4])

missing required virtualport type on RHEL

If you define vm with virtualinterfaces, that don't have virtualport, then cloning of such vms will fail with below error

*** libvirtError: XML error: missing required virtualport type

Eg xml for the vm, where you'd see the failure while cloning

38     type='bridge'>

39       address='52:54:00:8c:30:e1'/>

40       bridge='br0'/>

41       type='virtio'/>

42       

type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>

43     

44     type='bridge'>

45       address='52:54:00:e6:70:f8'/>

46       bridge='nsx-managed'/>

47       type='openvswitch'>

48         interfaceid='df55d7eb-5f25-43db-8bf8-f67b259bf51b'/>

49       

50       type='virtio'/>

51       

type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>

52     

A bad work-around is to comment out the line which does this validation

/usr/share/virt-manager/virtinst/cloner.py

     def start_duplicate(self, meter=None):

         """

         Actually perform the duplication: cloning disks if needed and defining

         the new clone xml.

         """

         logging.debug("Starting duplicate.")

         meter = util.ensure_meter(meter)

         dom = None

         try:

             # Replace orig VM if required

             Guest.check_vm_collision(self.conn, self.clone_name,

                                      do_remove=self.replace)

             # Define domain early to catch any xml errors before duping storage

             # The below statement was commented out for systest. While cloning a VM

             # with no virtual port defined, it will error out

             #dom = self.conn.defineXML(self.clone_xml)

             dom = None

             if self.preserve:

                 for dst_dev in self.clone_disks:

                     dst_dev.setup(meter=meter)

                 if self._nvram_disk:

                     self._nvram_disk.setup(meter=meter)

         except Exception as e:

             logging.debug("Duplicate failed: %s", str(e))

             if dom:

                 dom.undefine()

             raise

Plotting performance results of kubetest

kubetest is a open source test suite to test various aspects of Kubernetes cluster. One of the areas that of interest for a scaled environment is the Performance of cluster.

Configuring/Running kubetest is beyond scope of this blog - what I intend to share is how you can plot the results of these tests

API Responsiveness:

import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

import json

data = json.load(open('PM1_APIResponsiveness_load_2019-06-19T15:11:48Z.json'))['dataItems']

perc99_data = []

for item in data:

  myl = []

  myl.append(item['labels']['Verb'] + "-" +item['labels']['Scope'] + '-' + item['labels']['Resource'])

  myl.append(item['data']['Perc50'])

  myl.append(item['data']['Perc90'])

  myl.append(item['data']['Perc99'])

  perc99_data.append(myl)

df = pd.DataFrame(perc99_data, columns = ['API', 'LatencyP50', 'LatencyP90', 'LatencyP99'])

df.plot.bar()

index = np.arange(len(perc99_data))

plt.bar(index, df['LatencyP50'])

plt.xlabel("APIs")

plt.ylabel("Latency (ms)")

plt.xticks(index, df['API'], fontsize=5, rotation=30, ha='right')

plt.show()

cradhakrish-a01:chirag cradhakrishnan$ cat PM1_APIResponsiveness_load_2019-06-19T15\:11\:48Z.json 

{

  "version": "v1",

  "dataItems": [

    {

      "data": {

        "Perc50": 5.484,

        "Perc90": 25.443,

        "Perc99": 114.011

      },

      "unit": "ms",

      "labels": {

        "Count": "2358",

        "Resource": "pods",

        "Scope": "namespace",

        "Subresource": "",

        "Verb": "DELETE"

      }

    },

    {

      "data": {

        "Perc50": 32.052,

        "Perc90": 51.073,

        "Perc99": 74.26

      },

      "unit": "ms",

      "labels": {

        "Count": "68",

        "Resource": "services",

        "Scope": "namespace",

        "Subresource": "",

        "Verb": "DELETE"

      }

.
.
.

    {

      "data": {

        "Perc50": 0.115,

        "Perc90": 0.178,

        "Perc99": 0.273

      },

      "unit": "ms",

      "labels": {

        "Count": "38",

        "Resource": "secrets",

        "Scope": "namespace",

        "Subresource": "",

        "Verb": "LIST"

      }

    }

  ]

}

Pod Responsiveness

import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

import json

data = json.load(open('PM1_PodStartupLatency_density_2019-06-20T10:32:57Z.json'))['dataItems']

perc99_data = []

for item in data:

  myl = []

  myl.append(item['labels']['Metric'])

  myl.append(item['data']['Perc50'])

  myl.append(item['data']['Perc90'])

  myl.append(item['data']['Perc99'])

  myl.append(item['data']['Perc100'])

  perc99_data.append(myl)

df = pd.DataFrame(perc99_data, columns = ['Metric', 'LatencyP50', 'LatencyP90', 'LatencyP99', 'LatencyP100'])

df.plot.bar()

index = np.arange(len(perc99_data))

plt.bar(index, df['LatencyP50'])

plt.xlabel("Metric")

plt.ylabel("Latency (ms)")

plt.xticks(index, df['Metric'], fontsize=5, rotation=30, ha='right')

plt.show()

cradhakrish-a01:chirag cradhakrishnan$ cat PM1_PodStartupLatency_density_2019-06-20T10:32:57Z.json

{

  "version": "v1",

  "dataItems": [

    {

      "data": {

        "Perc100": 0,

        "Perc50": 0,

        "Perc90": 0,

        "Perc99": 0

      },

      "unit": "ms",

      "labels": {

        "Metric": "create_to_schedule"

      }

    },

    {

      "data": {

        "Perc100": 28000,

        "Perc50": 9000,

        "Perc90": 14000,

        "Perc99": 26000

      },

      "unit": "ms",

      "labels": {

        "Metric": "schedule_to_run"

      }

    },

    {

      "data": {

        "Perc100": -5327.442072,

        "Perc50": -6894.455178,

        "Perc90": -6155.301798,

        "Perc99": -5537.035922

      },

      "unit": "ms",

      "labels": {

        "Metric": "run_to_watch"

      }

    },

    {

      "data": {

        "Perc100": 20665.27986,

        "Perc50": 1753.811386,

        "Perc90": 6665.07306,

        "Perc99": 18600.530946

      },

      "unit": "ms",

      "labels": {

        "Metric": "schedule_to_watch"

      }

    },

    {

      "data": {

        "Perc100": 20665.27986,

        "Perc50": 1753.811386,

        "Perc90": 6665.07306,

        "Perc99": 18600.530946

      },

      "unit": "ms",

      "labels": {

        "Metric": "pod_startup"

      }

    }

  ]

}

How to remove vnic from DVS on ESX without VC!

While moving from normal port group to a DVS, we faced an issue with vCenter. The vCenter lost its IP address and we had no option but to remove the vnic that was added to a DVS, back to normal port group.
But how to do you do this without vCenter?!

Thankfully, there are some command lines available.

Here are the steps:

1. Identify the vnmic#, Dswitch name and dvport id using following command

[root@w2-nsbu-systest-esx050:~] esxcli network vswitch dvs vmware list

DSwitch_VM_Network

   Name: DSwitch_VM_Network

   VDS ID: 50 3a a0 2c 2c 55 5e c0-77 20 4d 17 f9 b5 ee 10

   Class: etherswitch

   Num Ports: 8192

   Used Ports: 4

   Configured Ports: 512

   MTU: 1500

   CDP Status: listen

   Beacon Timeout: -1

   Uplinks: vmnic3

   VMware Branded: true

   DVPort:

         Client: vmnic3

         DVPortgroup ID: dvportgroup-60

         In Use: true

         Port ID: 59

         Client:

         DVPortgroup ID: dvportgroup-60

         In Use: false

         Port ID: 60

2. Remove the vnic using following command:

[root@w2-nsbu-systest-esx050:~] esxcfg-vswitch -Q vmnic3 -V 59 DSwitch_VM_Network

Voila! vmnic3 in this case is disconnected from DSwitch_VM_Network. You can now associate this with a normal port group.

Unable to access virsh console of a KVM VM.

Often when I download qcow2 images from internet and access them using virsh console , I can't see the console.
Here's what we need to do:

Note: /vms/images/ubuntu_1404_v05.qcow2 is the qcow2 image for which we're unable to access the console.

sudo apt-get install qemu-utils

sudo modprobe nbd max_part=8

sudo qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd0 /vms/images/ubuntu_1404_v05.qcow2

sudo fdisk /dev/nbd0 -l

sudo mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt

for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done

chroot /mnt

vi /etc/default/grub and modify the parameters

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="console=ttyS0"

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=ttyS0"

update-grub

sudo umount /mnt

sudo qemu-nbd --disconnect /dev/nbd0

Creating unique interfaceid in KVM (RHEL)

Consider the KVM VM has the below definition:

If you clone this VM using virt-clone utility, then the new VM will have the same interface id

If you need new interfaceid for every clone, then some libvirt py files will need change:

1) /usr/share/virt-manager/virtinst/deviceinterface.py

class VirtualPort(XMLBuilder):

    _XML_ROOT_NAME = "virtualport"

    type = XMLProperty("./@type")

    managerid = XMLProperty("./parameters/@managerid", is_int

    typeid = XMLProperty("./parameters/@typeid", is_int=True)

    typeidversion = XMLProperty("./parameters/@typeidversion"

    instanceid = XMLProperty("./parameters/@instanceid")

    interfaceid = XMLProperty("./parameters/@interfaceid")   <--- added="" div="" newly="">

2) /usr/share/virt-manager/virtinst/cloner.py

import uuid

and following line:

for iface in self._guest.get_devices("interface"):

    iface.target_dev = None

    if clone_macs:

        mac = clone_macs.pop()

    else:

        mac = VirtualNetworkInterface.generate_mac(self.conn)

    iface.macaddr = mac
    if iface.virtualport.type:

        iface.virtualport.interfaceid = uuid.uuid4() <--- added="" div="" newly="">